Today, cryptocurrencies in global payment systems have been proposed as a way to become independent of traditional banking and to get out of the control of banks and monetary policies of governments and reduce fraud in banking transactions and counterfeit them. In this paper, we create a comprehensive picture which includes the challenges of this field, and we analyze the results with a case study in both a quantitative and qualitative approach. According on the characteristics the challenges in this picture are divided to three levels: technological, environmental, and governmental characteristics. Also, according to the results obtained from the use of cryptocurrencies in different countries, we able to identify most of the national cryptocurrency challenges for Iran.